1492 ~ Christopher Columbus's first expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean. But where?

1609 ~ Three Blind Mice published by Thomas Ravenscroft.

1870 ~ Death of Gen. Robert E. Lee, Leader.

1935 ~ Birthday of Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor.

1968 ~ Summer Olympics open in Mexico City.

1977 ~ Four Palestinians hijacked a Lufthansa Airlines flight to Somalia and demanded release of 11 members of the Red Army Faction.

1986 ~ Presidents Reagan and Gorbachev failed to agree on Star Wars at a disarmament summit in Reykjavik.

1997 ~ Death of John Denver, American singer.

2000 ~ Suicide bombers attacked the USS Cole in the Yemeni port of Aden.

2002 ~ A car bomb at a Bali nightclub killed 202 people, mainly Australians.

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Eudaimonia

54 ~ Death of Claudius, Roman Emperor.

1307 ~ All Knights Templar in France were simultaneously arrested by agents of the French king, to be later tortured into admitting heresy.

1812 ~ Death of Sir Isaac Brock, British general (killed in the Battle of Queenston Heights).

1925 ~ Birthday of Margaret Thatcher, UK PM.

1941 ~ Birthday of Paul Simon, Singer & Songwriter.

1954 ~ Birthday of Mordechai Vanunu, Israeli nuclear technician.

1959 ~ Birthday of Marie Osmond, Singer & Actress.

1974 ~ Death of Ed Sullivan, Television Personality.

1988 ~ The Thatcher Government lost the Spycatcher battle

1992 ~ The UK government announced plans to close one third of the coal mines.

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Eudaimonia

1066 ~ Normans under William the Conqueror defeated the English at the Battle of Hastings.

1894 ~ Birthday of E. E. Cummings, American poet.

1926 ~ Winnie-the-Pooh, by A.A. Milne, was published.

1940 ~ Birthday of Cliff Richard, British rock singer.

1944 ~ Given the choice between a public treason trial and a certain death by firing squad or suicide with honor, German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel chose the latter.

1947 ~ Chuck Yeager flew a Bell X-1 faster than the speed of sound, the first man to do so in level flight.

1962 ~ Cuban Missile Crisis began: A U-2 flight over Cuba took photos of Soviet nuclear weapons being installed.

1964 ~ Civil Rights movement leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.

1990 ~ Death of Leonard Bernstein, Composer & Conductor.

1994 ~ PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat, Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shared the Nobel Peace Prize.

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Eudaimonia

70 BC ~ Birthday of Virgil, Roman poet.

1844 ~ Birthday of Friedrich Nietzsche, Philosopher.

1908 ~ Birthday of John Kenneth Galbraith, Economist.

1917 ~ Mata Hari was executed by firing squad for spying for Germany.

1951 ~ I Love Lucy premiered starring comedian Lucille Ball and her real-life husband, Desi Arnaz.

1964 ~ Death of Cole Porter, Composer.

1964 ~ Nikita Khrushchev “retired” as head of USSR.

1970 ~ 35 construction workers died when a section of the new West Gate Bridge in Melbourne collapsed.

1991 ~ The Senate confirmed the nomination of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court.

2003 ~ China launched its first manned spacecraft into orbit, becoming the third country to do so.

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Eudaimonia

1793 ~ Death of Marie Antoinette – guillotined.

1854 ~ Birthday of Oscar Wilde, Irish writer.

1859 ~ John Brown led a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.

1886 ~ Birthday of David Ben-Gurion, first Prime Minister of Israel.

1925 ~ Birthday of Angela Lansbury, actress.

1964 ~ China detonated its first nuclear weapon.

1970 ~ Anwar Sadat was elected President of Egypt.

1978 ~ Karol Józef Wojtyła became Pope John Paul II. He was the first non Italian to be elevated to the position since 1522.

1981 ~ Death of Moshe Dayan, Israeli general.

1983 ~ The Baltimore Orioles beat the Philadelphia Phillies, 4 games to 3 in the 80th World Series.

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Eudaimonia

1777 ~ British forces under Gen. John Burgoyne surrendered to American troops in Saratoga, N.Y.

1888 ~ Thomas Edison filed a patent for the Optical Phonograph.

1915 ~ Birthday of Arthur Miller, Playwright.

1931 ~ Al Capone convicted of income tax evasion.

1956 ~ Queen Elizabeth opened the first commercial nuclear power station, at Calder Hall.

1972 ~ Birthday of Eminem, rap music performer.

1973 ~ Arab oil-producing nations announced they would cut back oil exports to Western nations and Japan; the result was a total embargo that lasted until March 1974.

1979 ~ Mother Teresa of India was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her work on behalf of the destitute in Calcutta.

1980 ~ Queen Elizabeth became the first British monarch to make a state visit to the Vatican.

1989 ~ Loma Prieta earthquake hit the San Francisco Bay Area.

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Eudaimonia

1545 ~ Death of John Taverner, Composer.

1767 ~ The boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania, the Mason-Dixon line, was agreed upon.

1851 ~ Moby-Dick, a novel by Herman Melville, was first published as The Whale.

1871 ~ Death of Charles Babbage, mathematician and inventor of computing machines.

1908 ~ Death of Charles Gounod, composer.

1919 ~ Birthday of Pierre Trudeau, fifteenth PM of Canada.

1926 ~ Birthday of Chuck Berry, Musician.

1939 ~ Birthday of Lee Harvey Oswald, Assassin.

1962 ~ Dr. James D. Watson of the United States, and Dr. Francis Crick and Dr. Maurice Wilkins of Britain, were named winners of the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology for their work in determining the double-helix molecular structure of DNA.

1989 ~ Erich Honecker was ousted as leader of East Germany after 18 years in power.

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Eudaimonia

1745 ~ Death of Jonathan Swift, Author.

1781 ~ Lord Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown, effectively ending the American War of Independence.

1931 ~ Birthday of John Le Carré, Author.

1943 ~ Streptomycin was isolated; the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis.

1950 ~ Death of Edna St. Vincent Millay, Poet.

1954 ~ Metal fatigue was identified as the cause of Comet crashes.

1960 ~ The U.S. imposed an embargo on exports to Cuba.

1987 ~ The DJI fell by 22% (Black Monday).

2003 ~ Mother Teresa beatified by Pope John Paul II.

2005 ~ Trial of Saddam Hussein began.

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Eudaimonia

1632 ~ Birthday of Sir Christopher Wren, Architect.

1740 ~ Maria Theresa took the throne of Austria.

1803 ~ The U.S. Senate ratified the Louisiana Purchase.

1882 ~ Birthday of Bela Lugosi, Actor.

1893 ~ Birthday of Jomo Kenyatta, President of Kenya.

1931 ~ Birthday of Mickey Mantle, athlete.

1983 ~ Grenada's Prime Minister, Maurice Bishop, was assassinated.

1968 ~ Jackie Kennedy married Greek shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis.

1973 ~ The Sydney Opera House opened.

1984 ~ Death of Paul Dirac, awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1933.

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Eudaimonia

Is PF planning to celebrate "National Mole Day" on October 23rd? Mole is that formula you had to memorize in high school chemistry class:

Avogadro's number ----- 6.024 x 10 (to the 23rd)

The formula defines the number of atomic mass units in a gram.

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Just be yourself. The rest will fall in line.

1772 ~ Birthday of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Poet.

1805 ~ A British fleet led by Admiral Lord Nelson defeated a combined French and Spanish fleet in the Battle of Trafalgar off the coast of Spain.

1833 ~ Birthday of Alfred Nobel, Swedish inventor and benefactor of the Nobel Prize.

1854 ~ Florence Nightingale and a staff of 38 nurses were sent to the Crimean War.

1879 ~ Thomas Edison invented a workable electric light.

1912 ~ Birthday of Sir Georg Solti, Conductor.

1917 ~ Birthday of Dizzy Gillespie, Jazz Musician.

1929 ~ Birthday of Ursula K. Le Guin, Science Fiction Author.

1944 ~ The first kamikaze attack: HMAS Australia was hit by a Japanese plane carrying a 200 kg bomb.

1983 ~ The meter was defined as the distance light travels in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.

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Eudaimonia

1797 ~ Andre-Jacques Garnerin made the first recorded parachute jump over Paris.

1811 ~ Birthday of Franz Liszt, Composer.

1836 ~ Sam Houston was inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

1844 ~ Birthday of Sarah Bernhardt, Actress.

1906 ~ Death of Paul Cezanne, Painter.

1920 ~ Birthday of Timothy Leary, writer, psychedelic drug advocate.

1943 ~ Birthday of Catherine Deneuve, Actress.

1943 ~ The RAF air raid on Kassel, a city of 236,000 people, killed 10,000, and left 150,000 homeless.

1962 ~ US President Kennedy announced that American spy planes had discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he had ordered a naval "quarantine" of the island nation.

1990 ~ The region around the Aral Sea assessed as the world’s worst ecological disaster.

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Eudaimonia

4004 BC ~ The start of the universe, according to the Ussher-Lightfoot Calendar.

1892 ~ Birthday of Gummo Marx, actor, comedian (Marx Brothers).

1935 ~ Birthday of Chi Chi Rodriguez, golf champion.

1940 ~ Birthday of Pelé, soccer player Extraordinaire.

1942 ~ In Egypt, British forces begin a major offensive against Axis forces by initiating the Second Battle of El Alamein.

1956 ~ Hungarians took to the streets in to demand an end to Soviet rule. Thousands died.

1958 ~ Belgian cartoonist Peyo introduced a new set of comic strip characters The Smurfs.

1983 ~ U.S. & French barracks in Beirut hit by truck bombs, killing 241 U.S. servicemen and 58 French.

1993 ~ Toronto Blue Jays outfielder Joe Carter became the second player to end a World Series with a home run - three-run shot that gave Toronto an 8-6 victory over the Philadelphia Phillies in Game 6.

1998 ~ Death of Dr. Barnett Slepian, physician.

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Eudaimonia

1632 ~ Birthday of Anton van Leeuwenhoek, microbiologist.

1799 ~ Death of Karl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Composer.

1929 ~ "Black Thursday" crash of the New York Stock Exchange.

1945 ~ Founding of the United Nations.

1947 ~ The expression “Cold War” was first used by Bernard Baruch to the U.S. Senate War Investigation Committee.

1948 ~ Death of Franz Lehár, Composer.

1991 ~ Death of Gene Roddenberry, creator of the Star Trek series.

1992 ~ In the first real "World" Series, the Toronto Blue Jays became the first non-US team to win the World Series.

2002 ~ Army veteran John Muhammad and teenager Lee Malvo were arrested in connection with the Washington D.C. area sniper attacks.

2003 ~ The Concorde completed its last commercial flight, bringing the first era of civil supersonic transport to a close.

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Eudaimonia

Another interesting selection of human behaviours.

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Calm, quiet, smooth, devastating