65 ~ Death of Lucius Seneca, Philosopher & Statesman.

1204 ~ The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople.

1606 ~ England adopts the Union Jack as its flag.

1633 ~ Galileo is convicted of heresy.

1857 ~ Gustave Flaubert's "Madame Bovary" published.

1861 ~ The American Civil War begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.

1877 ~ British annex Transvaal, South Africa.

1954 ~ The Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) began hearings to revoke Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance.

1961 ~ Yuri Gagarin is the first man in space.

1984 ~ Arthur Scargill vetoes national ballot on NUM strike. This brought about the destruction of his union.

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Eudaimonia