1881 ~ Birthday of George Enescu, Romanian composer.

1921 ~ Birthday of Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek

1934 ~ The creation of the position Führer was approved in a German plebiscite.

1939 ~ Birthday of Ginger Baker, English musician (Cream).

1942 ~ About 6,000 Canadian and British soldiers launched a disastrous raid against the Germans at Dieppe, France, and took about 50 percent casualties.

1960 ~ A tribunal in Moscow convicted American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers of espionage.

1977 ~ Death of Groucho Marx, Comedian & Actor.

1981 ~ Libyan leader Muammar Qaddafi sent two Sukoi Su-22 fighter jets to intercept two U.S. F-14 Tomcats over the Gulf of Sidra. The American jets shot down the Libyan fighters.

1994 ~ Death of Linus Pauling, Scientist & Peace Activist.

He was a physical chemist; one of the more influential chemists of the twentieth century. He was one of the first quantum chemists, and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 for his work describing the nature of chemical bonds. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962 for his campaign against above-ground nuclear testing, becoming one of only two people to receive the Nobel Prize in more than one field, the other being Marie Curie.

2003 ~ A suicide truck bomb struck U.N. headquarters in Baghdad, killing 22, including the top U.N. envoy, Sergio Vieira de Mello.

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Eudaimonia